在冷干機(jī)蒸發(fā)壓縮式制冷系統(tǒng)中，蒸發(fā)器、壓縮機(jī)、節(jié)流機(jī)構(gòu)和冷凝器是不可或缺的組成部分，統(tǒng)稱制冷系統(tǒng)四大件。其作用如下：

Evaporator, compressor, throttling mechanism and condenser are indispensable components in evaporative compression refrigeration system of cold drying machine. They are generally referred to as four parts of refrigeration system. The following functions are as follows:

 

1.蒸發(fā)器：蒸發(fā)器是一個(gè)換熱設(shè)備，制冷劑液體在蒸發(fā)器里吸熱汽化，在此過程中對(duì)其周圍的環(huán)境產(chǎn)生制冷效應(yīng)。制冷劑在蒸發(fā)器里汽化過程是等壓下的沸騰過程，沸騰溫度是該壓力下的飽和溫度，即沸點(diǎn)。因此，把蒸發(fā)器稱為“沸騰器”更為確切，但制冷工程中習(xí)慣上都稱為蒸發(fā)器。蒸發(fā)器內(nèi)制冷劑沸騰的壓力稱為蒸發(fā)壓。力P0,相對(duì)應(yīng)的飽和溫度（沸點(diǎn)）稱為蒸發(fā)溫度t0，沸騰汽化過程稱為蒸發(fā)過程。

1. evaporator: the evaporator is a heat exchange equipment. The refrigerant liquid is heated and vaporized in the evaporator. In this process, the cooling effect is produced to the environment around it. The vaporization process of the refrigerant in the evaporator is the boiling process under the constant pressure, and the boiling temperature is the saturation temperature under the pressure, that is, the boiling point.  Therefore, it is more accurate to call the evaporator "the boiling device", but it is commonly known as the evaporator in the refrigeration engineering. The pressure of the boiling of the refrigerant in the evaporator is called the evaporation pressure. Force P0, the corresponding saturation temperature (boiling point) is called the evaporation temperature T0, and the boiling vaporization process is called evaporation process.

 

2.壓縮機(jī)：壓縮機(jī)是從蒸發(fā)器中抽吸出制冷劑蒸汽并對(duì)其進(jìn)行壓縮的設(shè)備。它的功能有：

2. compressor: the compressor is the equipment that draws out the refrigerant steam from the evaporator and compresses it. Its functions are:

 

（1）從蒸發(fā)器中抽吸出制冷劑蒸汽以維持蒸發(fā)器內(nèi)一定的壓力，同時(shí)也就維持了一定的蒸發(fā)溫度；

(1) draw out the refrigerant steam from the evaporator in order to maintain a certain pressure in the evaporator, and also maintain a certain evaporation temperature.

 

（2）將吸入的制冷劑蒸汽進(jìn)行壓縮，或是說將蒸汽壓力提高，從而有可能在較高溫度下將它冷凝成液體，使制冷劑得到重復(fù)使用；

(2) to compress the inhaled refrigerant vapor, or to increase the vapor pressure, so that it can be condensed into liquid at higher temperature, so that refrigerants can be reused.

 

（3）在制冷系統(tǒng)中起輸送制冷劑的作用。

(3) play the role of refrigerant in the refrigeration system.

 

3.冷凝器：冷凝器是一個(gè)換熱設(shè)備，制冷劑在其內(nèi)凝結(jié)并釋放出熱量，這些熱量由空氣或水帶走。冷凝器中用于冷卻制冷劑蒸發(fā)并帶走凝結(jié)時(shí)放出的熱量的介質(zhì)稱為“冷卻劑”或“冷卻介質(zhì)”，對(duì)于水就稱為冷卻水。冷凝器中的冷凝過程是等壓過程，其中制冷劑壓力稱為冷凝壓力pk，，對(duì)應(yīng)的飽和溫度稱為冷凝溫度tk。

3. condenser: condenser is a heat exchanger that condenses and releases heat in it, which is taken away by air or water. In the condenser, the medium used to cool the refrigerant evaporation and carry out the heat released during condensation is called coolant or cooling medium. For water, it is called cooling water. The condensation process in the condenser is an isobaric process, in which the refrigerant pressure is called the condensation pressure PK, and the corresponding saturation temperature is called the condensation temperature TK.

4.節(jié)流機(jī)構(gòu)：節(jié)流機(jī)構(gòu)的功能有：

4. throttle mechanism: the function of the throttle mechanism is:

 

（1）使冷凝壓力（高壓）下的冷凝劑液體轉(zhuǎn)變成蒸發(fā)壓力（低壓）下的冷凝液體，為制冷劑創(chuàng)造低壓低溫下汽化的條件；

(1) the condensing liquid under condensation pressure (high pressure) is changed into condensed liquid under evaporating pressure (low pressure), which creates conditions for refrigerant to vaporize at low pressure and low temperature.

 

（2）調(diào)節(jié)注入蒸發(fā)器的制冷劑液體供給量。

(2) adjust the supply of refrigerant liquid in the injection evaporator.

 

節(jié)流機(jī)構(gòu)可以是自動(dòng)或手動(dòng)的節(jié)流閥（又稱膨脹閥）或毛細(xì)管。

A throttle mechanism can be an automatic or manual throttle valve (also known as an expansion valve) or a capillary.

 

冷凍式干燥機(jī)制冷系統(tǒng)必須有四大部件──蒸發(fā)器、壓縮機(jī)、冷凝器和節(jié)流機(jī)構(gòu)，缺一不可。當(dāng)然，一個(gè)實(shí)際的制冷系統(tǒng)遠(yuǎn)不止上述四個(gè)部件，還有閥門和其他一些輔助設(shè)備和機(jī)構(gòu)，以保證系統(tǒng)安全、可靠、高效的運(yùn)行。

The refrigeration system must have four parts - evaporator, compressor, condenser and throttle mechanism. Of course, a practical refrigeration system is much more than the above four parts, as well as valves and other auxiliary devices and institutions, so as to ensure the safe, reliable and efficient operation of the system.